notebook/code/LongestIncreasingSubsequence.cc

// Given a list of numbers of length n, this routine extracts a 
// longest increasing subsequence.
//
// Running time: O(n log n)
//
//   INPUT: a vector of integers
//   OUTPUT: a vector containing the longest increasing subsequence

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

typedef vector<int> VI;
typedef pair<int,int> PII;
typedef vector<PII> VPII;

#define STRICTLY_INCREASNG

VI LongestIncreasingSubsequence(VI v) {
  VPII best;
  VI dad(v.size(), -1);
  
  for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
#ifdef STRICTLY_INCREASNG
    PII item = make_pair(v[i], 0);
    VPII::iterator it = lower_bound(best.begin(), best.end(), item);
    item.second = i;
#else
    PII item = make_pair(v[i], i);
    VPII::iterator it = upper_bound(best.begin(), best.end(), item);
#endif
    if (it == best.end()) {
      dad[i] = (best.size() == 0 ? -1 : best.back().second);
      best.push_back(item);
    } else {
      dad[i] = dad[it->second];
      *it = item;
    }
  }
  
  VI ret;
  for (int i = best.back().second; i >= 0; i = dad[i])
    ret.push_back(v[i]);
  reverse(ret.begin(), ret.end());
  return ret;
}